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Footnotes
Retroreflectivity Footnotes
1 Head Lites Corporation
http://www.headlites.com/pages/hlcnews_reflectiveguidelines.htm
2 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Chapter 3. Current Practices)
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/03082/03.htm
3 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (How Retroreflectivity Makes Our Roads Safer)
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/media/nightlights.htm
4 Road Management & Engineering Journal (Bringing the Nighttime Road to Life)
http://www.usroads.com/journals/rmej/0109/rm010902.htm
5 U.S. Department of Transportation – National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (Traffic Safety Facts 2000)
http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/NCSA/TSFAnn/TSF2000.pdf
6 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Public Roads)
http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/septoct99/ruralrds.htm
7 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration Safety (Assessment of Benefits)
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/sign/back_assess.htm
8 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration Safety (Frequently Asked Questions)
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/sign/sign_faq.htm
9 The World Bank Group – Transport (Road Safety)
http://www.worldbank.org/transport/roads/safety.htm
10 Analysis and Predictive Modeling of Road Sign Retroreflectivity Performance
http://arrow.win.ecn.uiowa.edu/symposium/DraftPapers/VIS2002-17.pdf
11 ITE Traffic Safety Toolbox, “A Primer on Traffic Safety”, 1993.Retroreflectivity Links
L1 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration Safety (Retroreflective Sheeting Identification Guide)
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/sign/retrore_sheet_id.htm
L2 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Updated Minimum Retroreflectivity Levels for Traffic Signs)
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/03081/
L3 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration Safety (The Physics of Retroreflectivity)
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/gen/back_physics.htm
L4 On-the-fly Retroreflectivity from a Moving Platform (RetroreflectivityWhitePaperJuly2005)
L5 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD))
http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/Figure 1: Reflection
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/gen/back_physics.htmFigure 2: Pavement marking retroreflectivity
http://manuals.dot.state.tx.us/dynaweb/coltraff/pmh/@Generic__BookTextView/5478;cs=
default;ts=default;pt=534
Figure 3: Observation angleFigure 4: Entrance angle
Figure 5: Sign retroreflectivity values
Figure 6: Day/night stop signs
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/sign/presentation04/
Figure 7: Vision bar graph
http://tti.tamu.edu/researcher/v40n1/images/light_needed.jpg
Figure 8: Day/night traffic signs
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/media/sign_support.htm#IFigure 9: Graph weathered/Unweathered traffic sign retroreflectivity
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/03082/04.htmFigure 10: Traffic sign
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/sign/presentation04/
Retroreflectivity_Signs.htm Footnotes
Figures
Figure 1: Expected Sign Life Method
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/sign/presentation04/Figure 2: Hand-Held Retroreflectometer
http://www.flinttrading.com/retrosign.htmFigure 3: Hand-Held Retroreflectometer Inspection
Figure 4: Observation angle
Figure 5: Entrance angle
Figure 6: Impulse RM
http://www.pwsglobalinc.com/products/products.htmlFigure 7: SMARTS Vehicle
http://www.library.unt.edu/gpo/ota/featproj/fp_te29.htmlFigure 8: Legend vs. Background
http://www.freewebs.com/elmiracollegeghosts/EC%20stop%20sign.jpgFigure 9: TTI Research Facility
http://tti.tamu.edu/researcher/newsletter.asp?vol=40&issue=3&article=8
Links
L1 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD))
http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/L2 On-the-fly Retroreflectivity from a Moving Platform (RetroreflectivityWhitePaperJuly2005)
L3 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration Safety (Retroreflective Sheeting Identification Guide) http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/sign/retrore_sheet_id.htmFootnotes
1. U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Chapter 3. Current Practices)
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/03082/03.htm2.ITE Traffic Safety Toolbox, “A Primer on Traffic Safety”, 1993.
3. U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (How Retroreflectivity Makes Our Roads Safer)
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/media/nightlights.htm*4. U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Maintaining Traffic Sign Retroreflectivity)
http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/retro/sign/sa03027.htmInformation with * was paraphrased or taken verbatim from the above website aside from their listed drawbacks and downfalls.
5. U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Updated Minimum Retroreflectivity Levels For Traffic Signs – Chapter 3 Updated Factors)
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/03081/chap3.htm6. Forbes.com (The best-selling vehicles of 2004)
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5582238/7. U.S. Department of Transportation - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration(Commercial Motor Vehicle Facts)
http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/factsfigs/cmvfacts.htm
Retroreflectivity_Pavement.htm FootnotesFigures
Figure 1: Pavement Marking Geometry
Figure 2: Hand-Held Pavement Retroreflectometer
http://www.precisionscan.com/About_us.htmFigure 3: Laserlux Mobile Pavement Retroreflectometer
http://web.umr.edu/~norbert/retroref.htmLinks
L1 U.S. Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration (Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD))
http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/
L2 On-the-fly Retroreflectivity from a Moving Platform (Facet White Paper)
SightMap® Footnotes
1. Burnett, G.E. Turn Right at the King's Head: Drivers' Requirements for Route Guidance Information. Unpublished PhD dissertation (summarized), Loughborough University, UK. 1998. Internet Resource, http://www.cs.nott.ac.uk/~geb/thesis.html, January 13, 2005.
2. Dale, R., S. Geldof, and J.P. Prost, “Generating More Natural Route Descriptions.” Centre for Language Technology, Macquarie University. Sydney. Internet Resource. http://www.ics.mq.edu.au/~rdale/publications/papers/2002/dalegeldofprostCR.pdf, January 13, 2005.
3. Burnett, G., “Turn right at the Traffic Lights: The Requirement for Landmarks in Vehicle Navigation Systems.” The Journal of Navigation 53(3), p. 499-510. 2000. Internet Resource, http://www.mpce.mq.edu.au/~coral/Papers/Baus/Jnl%20nav-LM%20paper-geb.pdf#search='G.E.%20Burnett%20Turn%20Right%20at%20the%20traffic%20lights%20The%
20journal%20of%20Navigation' January 14, 2005.4. Ibid.
5. Dale, R. et al. “Generating.”
6. Goodman, J., S. A. Brewster, P. Gray. “How Can We Best Use Landmarks to Support Older People in Navigation?” Glasgow Interactive Systems Group; University of Glasgow (received from author, will be published this spring).
7. Stankiewicz, B., A. Kalia. Acquisition and Retention of Structural Versus Object Landmark Knowledge When Navigation Through a Large-Scale Space. Internet Resource. http://stankiewiczlab.psy.utexas.edu/Manuscripts/Landmarks_S_K.pdf. January 24, 2005.
8. Goodman, J. et al. “How Can We?”
9. Burnett, G., “King's Head.”
10. Goodman, J. et al. “How Can We?”
11. Burnett, G., “King's Head.”
12. Burnett, “Traffic Lights.”
13. Stankiewicz, B. “Acquisition and Retention.”
14. Stankiewicz, B. “Acquisition and Retention.”
15. Stankiewicz, B. “Acquisition and Retention.”
16. Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science. Visual Cognition Project. Internet Resource. http://www.maccs.mq.edu.au/research/Visual_Cognition.htm. January 24, 2005.
17. Stankiewicz, B. “Acquisition and Retention.”
18. Stankiewicz, B. “Acquisition and Retention.”
19. Sjolinder, M. Untitled Working Paper. Swedish Institute of Computer Science. HUMLEE. Persona. August 19, 1999. Internet Resource. http://www.sics.se/humle/projects/persona/bscw/littstudie.doc. January 24, 2005.
20. Burnett, “Traffic Lights.”
21. Macquarie Centre for Cognitive Science. Visual Cognition Project. Internet Resource. http://www.maccs.mq.edu.au/research/Visual_Cognition.htm. January 24, 2005.
22. Bar, M., I. Biederman. “Subliminal Visual Priming.” Phsycological Science. Vol. 9. No. 6. pp. 464-469. November 1998. Internet Resource. http://geon.usc.edu/%7Ebiederman/publications/BarSublimPsychScience_98.pdf. January 24, 2005.
23. Chun, D., J. Plass. “Research on Text Comprehension in Multimedia Environments.” Language Learning & Technology. Vol. 1, No.1. July 1997. pp. 60-81. Internet Resource. http://llt.msu.edu/vol1num1/chun_plass/default.html. January 24, 2005.
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